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Welcome to Black Red Roots.org! |
Many people believe racial and ethnic groups in North America have always lived as separately as they do now. However, segregation was neither practical nor preferable when people who were not native to this continent began arriving here. Europeans needed Indians as guides, trade partners and military allies. They needed Africans to tend their crops and to build an infrastructure.
Later, as the new American government began to thrive, laws were drafted to protect the land and property the colonists had acquired. These laws strengthened the powers of slave owners, limited the rights of free Africans and barred most Indian rights altogether. Today, black, white and red Americans still feel the aftershock of those laws.
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Newsflash |
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It is without doubt that mathematics today owes a huge debt to the outstanding contributions made by Indian mathematicians over many hundreds of years. What is quite surprising is that there has been a reluctance to recognize this and one has to conclude that many famous historians of mathematics found what they expected to find, or perhaps even what they hoped to find, rather than to realize what was so clear in front of them. An abacus is a portable calculating device using a frame with rods that are strung with beads. Indigenous native Aztec and Maya people who lived in Mesoamerica, performed mathematical calculations using an abacus made from maize kernels, instead of beads, threaded on strings. It provided a faster and more accurate way of adding and subtracting than relying on memory alone. This abacus, which was called a nepohualtzitzin, had three beads on the top deck and four beads on the bottom. Archaeologists have dated the presence of such counters at about A.D. 900 to 1000. The Aztec abacus, which was devised without any knowledge of the Chinese abacus (invented about 500 B.C.), required the same level of critical thinking and knowledge of mathematics to develop. The Inca, whose empire was established in what is now Peru in about A.D. 1000, also were known to have a type of abacus. This consisted of a tray with compartments that were arranged in rows in which counters were moved in order to make calculations. |
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Monday, 18 January 2010 |
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There are actions that occur by the Earth that we cannot explain. We know what happened and how it happened, but not “why” it happened. Only the Creator, God, knows why the earth quaked in Haiti and caused the collapse of their land and sorrow of their people. Let’s support the Haitian people in their time of despair with hope that in time they will be at peace with what has happened |
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Saturday, 03 January 2009 |
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Happy New Year in 2010! It’s a new year. The previous year is one that will go down in history for many unprecedented events. Collapses of financial markets, banking system closures, mortgage foreclosures, and ponzi-schemes. But through it all we have stood strong and vibrant. We survive the way we always have through Faith in God. Our community is one of faith and family. We develop each through trust and dependence. Family as seen in our Native American nations, tribes and clans through biological and spiritual ties that bind us together. Our Native American and African American ancestors taught us well. They taught us to not focus on tradegy but to focus on our resiliency. Through it all and yet, we are still here.... as a testimony that evil cannot win. Let us in 2010 commit to a glorious year that involves our participation in the US Census (as Native American self-selection and self-identification). We must maintain financial stability by spending less and saving more of our financial resources. We must take care of our health. Lastly, we must share with others our knowledge, resources, and love. May Peace keep you and Love abound! Black Red Roots forever... |
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Tuesday, 03 November 2009 |
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The European colonization of the Americas decimated the populations and cultures of the Native Americans. In the 15th to 19th century, their populations were ravaged by displacement, disease, warfare with the Europeans, and enslavement. The first Native American group encountered by Christopher Columbus in 1492, the 250,000 to 1,000,000 Island Arawaks (more properly called the Taino) of Haiti Quisqueya, Cubanacan (Cuba) and Boriquen Puerto Rico, were enslaved. It is said that only 500 survived by the year 1550, and the group was considered extinct before 1650. Yet DNA studies show that the genetic contribution of the Taino to that region continues, and the mitochondrial DNA studies of the Taino are said to show relationships to the Northern Indigenous Nations, such as Inuit (Eskimo) and others. In the 15th century, Spaniards and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. Ironically, the horse had originally evolved in the Americas, but the early American horses were game for early human hunters, and went extinct about 7,000 BC, just after the end of the last ice age. The re-introduction of the horse had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America. This new mode of travel made it possible for some tribes to greatly expand their territories, exchange goods with neighboring tribes, and more easily capture game. |
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Thursday, 15 October 2009 |
BLOOD MEMORY…IT’S IN THE BLOOD It is a fact that people carry within their bodies the DNA or genetic composition of their ancestors. This genetic composition affects our physical attributes and features. Comments like you have your mother’s eyes, or you and your dad have the same nose are evidence of the inheritance of our family’s genes. |
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Tuesday, 15 September 2009 |
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A PICTURE TO CONSIDER I recently discovered a picture that highlights the communion between Native Americans. The picture demonstrates the relationships that led to our Black Red Roots ancestry. The picture shows dress, living arrangements, and sharing in common. View it and send me your thoughts about the picture. |
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Saturday, 01 August 2009 |
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CELEBRATE - AUGUST 9TH - WORLD DAY OF WORLD INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
In December 1994, the General Assembly decided to celebrate the International Day of the World's Indigenous People on August 9th every year during the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People. The goal of this Decade is to further strengthen international cooperation for the solution of problems faced by indigenous people in such areas as culture, education, health, human rights, the environment, and social and economic development. |
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Saturday, 11 July 2009 |
Three tribes of well-known Plains Indians were the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho. A brief description of them is listed in this article along with a photo of Chief Red Cloud, a chief of the Oglala Sioux. The SiouxThe name Sioux refers to a large group of Native Americans speaking a common or similar language. They are often divided into three groups based on their geographic distribution. In the 1800's the Western group, called the Lakota or Teton Sioux, were a dominant tribe. They were represented by several bands, the Oglala Sioux, the Brule Sioux, the Hunkpapa Sioux, and the Minneconjou Sioux. The Lakota Sioux were a nomadic people who hunted the buffalo that roamed the high plains in huge herds. The buffalo provided them with food, clothing, the covering for their dwellings, and the raw material for many of their tools. The Sioux could be peaceful or, when the occasion demanded, they could be formidable warriors. The Summer Sun Dance ceremony played an important part in their lives. 
Photo: Chief Red Cloud, Oglala Sioux |
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